


The Lower Creeks, Cherokees and Choctaws helped the Americans led by Andrew Jackson and almost wiped out the anti American Upper Creeks led by Menawa at Horsehoe Bend. Menawa was shot seven times and lived to crawl away from the battlefield. The Lower Creeks who helped Jackson were forced to cede eight million acres of the Creek nation to the US. The recovered Menawa was forced to surrender and was relocated with his tribe to Oklahoma in 1836. The surviving Red Sticks dispersed and many joined the Seminoles in Florida. By 1830 they were again at war with the US along with the Seminoles and Osceola.

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